1. The most exciting aspect of chemistry involves isolating compounds from living organisms, determining their ____ and if possible ____ them.
Correct Answer: B
1. Chemistry studies compounds present in living organisms. 2. Scientists isolate thousands of compounds. 3. These compounds may be small or large. 4. After isolation, their structure is studied. 5. Structure tells how atoms are arranged. 6. Understanding structure helps in knowing function. 7. Scientists also try to make these compounds artificially. 8. This process is called synthesis. 9. Hence, structure determination and synthesis are important. 10. Therefore, the correct answer is structure and synthesising.
2. If one were to make a list of biomolecules, it would include thousands of organic compounds such as ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Biomolecules are chemical compounds found in living organisms. 2. They are mostly organic in nature. 3. There are thousands of such compounds present in cells. 4. Examples include amino acids which form proteins. 5. Sugars are also important biomolecules. 6. These molecules perform various functions in the body. 7. Hence, the list of biomolecules includes amino acids and sugars. 8. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acids and sugars.
3. For reasons given in section 9.10, biomolecules can also be called ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Biomolecules are chemical compounds present in living organisms. 2. These include amino acids, sugars, lipids, etc. 3. They take part in metabolic reactions. 4. Metabolism includes all chemical processes in cells. 5. Hence, biomolecules are closely related to metabolism. 6. Because of this, they are also called metabolites. 7. The term reflects their role in biochemical reactions. 8. Therefore, the correct answer is metabolites.
4. In animal tissues, which of the following categories of compounds are present as shown in Figure 9.1?
Correct Answer: A
1. Animal tissues contain many types of biomolecules. 2. These include carbohydrates (sugars). 3. Amino acids are also present as building blocks of proteins. 4. Lipids like fats and oils are present. 5. Nitrogen bases are found in nucleic acids. 6. Nucleosides (base + sugar) are also present. 7. Nucleotides (base + sugar + phosphate) are present too. 8. These categories together represent primary metabolites. 9. Hence, option (a) correctly lists all. 10. Therefore, the correct answer is option (a).
5. Sugars, amino acids, fats and oils, nitrogen bases, nucleosides and nucleotides are called ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Living cells contain many types of biomolecules. 2. Some are essential for basic life processes. 3. These include sugars, amino acids, lipids, nitrogen bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. 4. They are directly involved in growth and metabolism. 5. Such compounds are present in all living cells. 6. Hence, they are called primary metabolites. 7. Secondary metabolites are not essential for basic survival. 8. Therefore, the correct answer is primary metabolites.
6. However, when one analyses plant, fungal and microbial cells, one would see thousands of compounds other than these primary metabolites, e.g. ____ . These are called ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. In plants, fungi and microbes many compounds are present. 2. These are other than primary metabolites. 3. Examples include alkaloids and flavonoids. 4. Rubber and essential oils are also included. 5. Antibiotics and coloured pigments are present. 6. Scents, gums and spices are also part of this group. 7. These are not directly involved in basic metabolism. 8. Hence, they are called secondary metabolites. 9. Therefore, option (b) is correct. 10. This matches the given statement exactly.
7. While primary metabolites have identifiable functions and play known roles in ____ , the role or functions of all the secondary metabolites in host organisms are not fully understood.
Correct Answer: B
1. Primary metabolites are essential for life. 2. They are directly involved in basic cellular functions. 3. These functions are part of normal physiological processes. 4. Examples include respiration and metabolism. 5. Their roles are well understood. 6. Secondary metabolites are different. 7. Their functions are not fully known in all cases. 8. They may have special or protective roles. 9. Hence, primary metabolites act in normal physiological processes. 10. Therefore, the correct answer is normal physiological processes.
8. However, many secondary metabolites are useful to ____ and some have ____ importance.
Correct Answer: B
1. Secondary metabolites are not essential for basic metabolism. 2. Many of them are useful to humans. 3. Examples include rubber, drugs, spices, scents and pigments. 4. These contribute to human welfare. 5. Some secondary metabolites also help organisms in nature. 6. They may protect against predators or attract pollinators. 7. Such roles are called ecological importance. 8. Hence, the correct answer is human welfare and ecological. 9. Therefore, option (b) is correct. 10. This matches the given statement.
9. Carotenoids and Anthocyanins are examples of ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Carotenoids and anthocyanins are coloured compounds. 2. They are found in plants. 3. They give colour to fruits and flowers. 4. Such coloured compounds are called pigments. 5. Hence, the correct answer is pigments.
10. Morphine and Codeine are examples of ____.
Correct Answer: A
1. Morphine and codeine are nitrogen-containing compounds. 2. They are derived from plants. 3. Such compounds are called alkaloids. 4. They often have medicinal properties. 5. Hence, the correct answer is alkaloids.
11. Monoterpenes and Diterpenes are examples of ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Terpenoides are a class of organic compounds. 2. They are built from isoprene units. 3. Monoterpenes and diterpenes are types of terpenoides. 4. They are common in plants. 5. Hence, the correct answer is terpenoides.
12. Lemon grass oil is an example of ____.
Correct Answer: A
1. Essential oils are aromatic compounds. 2. They are extracted from plants. 3. Lemon grass oil is one such compound. 4. It has a characteristic smell. 5. Hence, the correct answer is essential oil.
13. Abrin and Ricin are examples of ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Abrin and ricin are poisonous substances. 2. They are produced by plants. 3. Such harmful substances are called toxins. 4. They can be dangerous to organisms. 5. Hence, the correct answer is toxins.
14. Concanavalin A is an example of ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Lectins are proteins that bind carbohydrates. 2. Concanavalin A is one such protein. 3. It is found in plants. 4. Hence, it is classified as a lectin. 5. Therefore, the correct answer is lectin.
15. Vinblastin and curcumin are examples of ____.
Correct Answer: A
1. Vinblastin is used in cancer treatment. 2. Curcumin is a medicinal compound from turmeric. 3. Both are used for therapeutic purposes. 4. Hence, they are classified as drugs. 5. Therefore, the correct answer is drugs.
16. Rubber, gums and cellulose are examples of ____.
Correct Answer: B
1. Rubber, gums and cellulose are large molecules. 2. They are made of repeating units. 3. Such compounds are called polymers. 4. Hence, they are polymeric substances. 5. Therefore, the correct answer is polymeric substances.