9. Biomolecules

Correct Answer: B

1. Acid-soluble pool contains small molecules.
2. These include amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, etc.
3. Such molecules have low molecular weight.
4. Their weight is not very high like macromolecules.
5. The typical range is from 18 to around 800 daltons.
6. This is a common feature of all compounds in this fraction.
7. Hence, the correct answer is 18 to around 800 daltons.

Correct Answer: C

1. When tissue is treated with acid, two fractions are formed.
2. The acid-insoluble fraction contains large molecules.
3. These are called macromolecules.
4. Macromolecules have very high molecular weight.
5. They are not soluble in acid solution.
6. Only four major types are present in this fraction.
7. These include proteins which are made of amino acids.
8. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are also present.
9. Polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose are included.
10. Lipids are also part of this fraction though not always polymeric.
11. These compounds are essential for structure and function of cells.
12. Hence, only four types are present.
13. Therefore, the correct answer is option (c).

Correct Answer: C

1. Acid-insoluble fraction contains macromolecules.
2. These include proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides.
3. Such molecules are very large in size.
4. Their molecular weight is very high.
5. It is generally ten thousand daltons and above.
6. Lipids are an exception in this case.
7. Though lipids have lower molecular weight, they behave differently.
8. Hence, most macromolecules fall in high molecular weight range.
9. This distinguishes them from micromolecules.
10. Therefore, the correct answer is ten thousand daltons.

Correct Answer: B

1. Biomolecules are chemical compounds present in living organisms.
2. They can be classified based on molecular weight.
3. Some have low molecular weight (micromolecules).
4. Others have very high molecular weight (macromolecules).
5. This classification divides biomolecules into two types.
6. Micromolecules include small compounds like amino acids and sugars.
7. Macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.
8. This distinction is important in biology.
9. Hence, biomolecules are of two types.
10. Therefore, the correct answer is two.

Correct Answer: B

1. Biomolecules are classified based on molecular weight.
2. Small molecules have low molecular weight.
3. These are less than one thousand daltons.
4. They are called micromolecules.
5. Examples include amino acids and sugars.
6. Larger molecules are called macromolecules.
7. These are found in the acid-insoluble fraction.
8. Examples include proteins and nucleic acids.
9. This classification helps in understanding cell components.
10. Hence, the correct answer is one thousand and acid insoluble.

Correct Answer: B

1. The acid-insoluble fraction contains large biomolecules.
2. These include proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides.
3. These molecules are made up of repeating units.
4. Such repeating unit structures are called polymers.
5. Hence, they are polymeric substances.
6. Lipids are an exception as they are not true polymers.
7. Therefore, the correct answer is polymeric substances.

Correct Answer: B

1. Lipids generally have low molecular weight (less than 800 Da).
2. So, they are not true macromolecules.
3. However, in cells, lipids are arranged into membranes.
4. Examples include cell membrane and other internal membranes.
5. When tissue is ground, cell structure is disrupted.
6. Membranes break into small fragments.
7. These fragments form vesicles.
8. Vesicles are not water soluble.
9. Hence, they do not enter acid-soluble fraction.
10. They remain in acid-insoluble fraction.
11. Therefore, lipids appear in macromolecular fraction.
12. This is due to structure, not molecular size.
13. Hence, lipids are not strictly macromolecules.

Correct Answer: B

1. Lipids usually have low molecular weight.
2. Their weight does not exceed about 800 Da.
3. Macromolecules generally have very high molecular weight.
4. Hence, lipids do not fit the strict definition of macromolecules.
5. However, in cells they form large structures like membranes.
6. Because of this, they appear in acid-insoluble fraction.
7. But chemically they are not true macromolecules.
8. Therefore, lipids are not strictly macromolecules.

Correct Answer: C

1. When tissue is treated with acid, two fractions are obtained.
2. The acid-soluble fraction contains small molecules.
3. These include amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, etc.
4. These molecules are present in the cytoplasm.
5. Cytoplasm is the fluid part of the cell.
6. Hence, acid-soluble pool reflects cytoplasmic content.
7. Therefore, the correct answer is cytoplasmic composition.

Correct Answer: B

1. Cell components are separated into two fractions after acid treatment.
2. Small molecules form the acid-soluble pool.
3. Large molecules (macromolecules) do not dissolve.
4. These include proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides.
5. They come from cytoplasm and organelles.
6. Hence, they remain in the acid-insoluble fraction.
7. Therefore, the correct answer is acid-insoluble.

Correct Answer: B

1. Cell components are divided into acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions.
2. The acid-soluble pool contains small molecules.
3. The acid-insoluble fraction contains macromolecules.
4. Both fractions together include all types of biomolecules.
5. These represent all chemical substances in cells.
6. Hence, they give complete chemical composition.
7. Therefore, the correct answer is chemical composition.

Correct Answer: C

1. Living tissues contain many types of chemicals.
2. These include water, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
3. Among all, water is present in the highest amount.
4. It forms major portion of cells.
5. It acts as solvent for biochemical reactions.
6. Most cellular processes occur in aqueous medium.
7. Hence, water is the most abundant chemical.
8. Therefore, the correct answer is water.

Correct Answer: A

1. Cellular composition includes various components.
2. Water is the most abundant (70-90%).
3. Proteins form about 10-15%.
4. Carbohydrates are around 3%.
5. Lipids are about 2%.
6. Nucleic acids make up 5-7%.
7. Ions are present in small amount (~1%).
8. This represents standard cellular composition.
9. Hence, option (a) is correct.
10. Therefore, the correct answer is option (a).