Cell: Structure and Functions

Correct Answer: B

Biology is a branch of science that deals with the study of living organisms. It includes the study of their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution.

Correct Answer: C

While organisms show great diversity in form and appearance, cell theory highlights the unity among them by stating that all living organisms are composed of cells. This common cellular organization forms the basis of life.

Correct Answer: B

Cell theory emphasized that all living organisms are made of cells, but it also raised questions about how cells carry out complex physiological and behavioural processes. This led to further research into cellular functions and mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Cell theory suggested that living phenomena can only be properly observed when the integrity of cellular organisation is maintained. However, for studying physiological and behavioural processes, scientists can also use a physico-chemical approach and investigate using cell-free systems.

Correct Answer: C

Even though cell integrity is important, scientists can study physiological and behavioural processes using physico-chemical methods and cell-free systems to understand cellular mechanisms in detail.

Correct Answer: C

A cell-free system involves studying biological reactions outside the intact cell, allowing scientists to analyze specific processes using a physico-chemical approach.

Correct Answer: B

The physico-chemical approach helps in understanding biological processes at the molecular level, explaining how they occur in terms of molecules and reactions.

Correct Answer: B

This approach is based on analyzing living tissues to identify the elements and compounds present, helping to understand biological processes scientifically.

Correct Answer: C

Scientists analyze elements and compounds present in living tissues to explain biological processes at the molecular level.

Correct Answer: C

By analyzing elements and compounds, scientists can explain biological processes in molecular terms, leading to deeper understanding.

Correct Answer: B

By analyzing living tissues, scientists can identify organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids present in organisms.

Correct Answer: C

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids and are essential components of living organisms.

Correct Answer: B

The major organic compounds present in living organisms are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, all of which contain carbon and play essential roles in life processes.

Correct Answer: B

After identifying organic compounds, the next step is to understand what these compounds do and how they perform physiological processes inside the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Organic compounds such as proteins and nucleic acids are involved in multiple physiological processes including digestion, excretion, memory, defense, and recognition.

Correct Answer: B

Organic molecules in cells are not just present; they actively perform functions such as metabolism, defense, and regulation of cellular activities.

Correct Answer: C

It refers to explaining physiological processes like digestion and memory at the molecular and chemical level.

Correct Answer: C

This approach helps in understanding diseases by explaining abnormal molecular changes in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Reductionist Biology involves explaining biological processes using concepts and techniques from physics and chemistry.

Correct Answer: B

Reductionist Biology applies concepts and techniques of physics and chemistry to understand living organisms.

Correct Answer: C

G. N. Ramachandran made significant contributions to understanding the structure of proteins.

Correct Answer: B

He discovered the triple helix structure of collagen, an important protein in connective tissues.

Correct Answer: C

The Ramachandran plot helps in understanding the possible shapes (conformations) of protein molecules.

Correct Answer: B

The Madras school focused on studying the shapes and structures of biological macromolecules like proteins.

Correct Answer: C

Pauling’s work on α-helix and β-sheet protein structures inspired Ramachandran.

Correct Answer: C

Pauling’s work influenced Ramachandran to focus on determining the structure of collagen.

Correct Answer: C

α-helix and β-sheet are secondary structures found in proteins.

Correct Answer: C

He was born in a small town near Cochin (now Kochi) on the southwestern coast of India.

Correct Answer: C

He was born near Cochin, which lies on the southwestern coast of India in Kerala.